A`napJw
bphZÀi\w {]hÀ¯Icpambn \S¯nb kw`mjW¯n \n¶pw Nne {]kIvX `mK§Ä.
Blzm\t¯mSv \½psS k` \oXn ]peÀ¯p¶ptØm?
D: Cu tNmZy¯n\v cØv Xe¯n \n¶v D¯cw XcWsa¶mWv Rm³
B{Kln¡p¶Xv. H¶maXmbn hN\w {]tLmjn¡pI F¶pÅXpw, {]tLmjW¯neqsS tbip BcmWv F¶v
kaql¯n\v ]dªp sImSp¡p¶Xpw. cØmaXmbn«pÅXv \½psS ssZ\Zn\ PohnX¯neqsS IÀ¯mhns\
ImWn¨v sImSp¡p¶Xv.
B{Kln¡p¶Xv. H¶maXmbn hN\w {]tLmjn¡pI F¶pÅXpw, {]tLmjW¯neqsS tbip BcmWv F¶v
kaql¯n\v ]dªp sImSp¡p¶Xpw. cØmaXmbn«pÅXv \½psS ssZ\Zn\ PohnX¯neqsS IÀ¯mhns\
ImWn¨v sImSp¡p¶Xv.
temIsa§pw Adnbn¡pI F¶pÅ kphntij¯nse {]tbmK¯nse AÀ¯hpw
hym]vXnbpw hfsc hepXmWv. kphntignIcWw F¶pÅXv sImØv \½psS km[mcW a\pjyÀ
a\Ênem¡p¶ AÀYapØv, AXmbXv ssZh hN\w {]kwKn¡pI, {]tLmjn¡pI F¶pÅXv. CXv IqSmsX
{]tXyIn¨v \½psS ]uckvXy HmÀ¯vtUmIvkv thZimkv{X¯n km£n¡pI, km£nbmIpI F¶n
hm¡pIfmWv kphntijnIcW¯n\v kaambn ]dbp¶Xv. km£nbmIpI AhnsS Dt±jn¡p¶Xv \½psS
ssZ\w Zn\ PohnX¯neqsS IrkvXp tbiphnsâ km¶n[yw aÁpÅhÀ¡v ]IÀ¶v sImSp¡pI F¶pÅXmWv.
hym]vXnbpw hfsc hepXmWv. kphntignIcWw F¶pÅXv sImØv \½psS km[mcW a\pjyÀ
a\Ênem¡p¶ AÀYapØv, AXmbXv ssZh hN\w {]kwKn¡pI, {]tLmjn¡pI F¶pÅXv. CXv IqSmsX
{]tXyIn¨v \½psS ]uckvXy HmÀ¯vtUmIvkv thZimkv{X¯n km£n¡pI, km£nbmIpI F¶n
hm¡pIfmWv kphntijnIcW¯n\v kaambn ]dbp¶Xv. km£nbmIpI AhnsS Dt±jn¡p¶Xv \½psS
ssZ\w Zn\ PohnX¯neqsS IrkvXp tbiphnsâ km¶n[yw aÁpÅhÀ¡v ]IÀ¶v sImSp¡pI F¶pÅXmWv.
F\n¡v cØn A[nIw kvt\ls¯¡pdn¨v ]dyphm³ km[n¡pw.
kvt\ls¯¡pdn¨v Ct¸mÄ Hcp {]`mjWw \S¯m³ ]dªm³ Rm³ Hcp aWn¡qÀ ssZÀLyvapÅ Hcp
H¶mwXcw {]`mjWw \S¯mw, AXpsImØv kvt\l¯nsâ Nn ZmÀi\nI Xe§sf kv]Àin¡p¶p
F¶pÅXÃmsX Bgvambn a\Ênem¡m³ IgnIbnÃ. F¶m hfsc \mfpIÄ¡v tijw IØp ap«p¶ Fsâ
ASp¯ncn¡p¶ Hcp B¨t\mSv hfsc kvt\l¯n A¨m F´pØv hntijv§sfms¡, Ipª§sfms¡
kpJambncn¡p¶pthm, ChnsS h¶n«v F§s\bpØv F¶v tNmZn¡pt¼mÄ AsX kvt\l¯nsâ hfsc
{]ISamb F¶m AXntesd Bg¯nepÅXmb, a\ÊpIsf sXm«dnbp¶, kv]Àin¡p¶Xmb amÀ¤amWv.
kvt\ls¯¡pdn¨v Ct¸mÄ Hcp {]`mjWw \S¯m³ ]dªm³ Rm³ Hcp aWn¡qÀ ssZÀLyvapÅ Hcp
H¶mwXcw {]`mjWw \S¯mw, AXpsImØv kvt\l¯nsâ Nn ZmÀi\nI Xe§sf kv]Àin¡p¶p
F¶pÅXÃmsX Bgvambn a\Ênem¡m³ IgnIbnÃ. F¶m hfsc \mfpIÄ¡v tijw IØp ap«p¶ Fsâ
ASp¯ncn¡p¶ Hcp B¨t\mSv hfsc kvt\l¯n A¨m F´pØv hntijv§sfms¡, Ipª§sfms¡
kpJambncn¡p¶pthm, ChnsS h¶n«v F§s\bpØv F¶v tNmZn¡pt¼mÄ AsX kvt\l¯nsâ hfsc
{]ISamb F¶m AXntesd Bg¯nepÅXmb, a\ÊpIsf sXm«dnbp¶, kv]Àin¡p¶Xmb amÀ¤amWv.
\½psS PohnX¯n Xs¶ {InkvXptbiphnsâ km¶n[yw ]utemkv Çol
]dbp¶Xpt]mse {InkvXp tbiphnsâ kvt\lw Fs¶ \nÀ_Ôn¡p¶p. Cu coXnbn C´ns\
ImWpIbmsW¦n hN\w {]tLmjn¨v kIe PmXnItfmSpw kphntijw Adnbn¡pI F¶pÅ ho£W¯nÂ,
F\n¡v tXm¶p¶p \½psS k` A{Xam{Xw B cwK¯v apt¶dnbn«nÃ. \n§fpsS hm¡v ISsaSp¯mÂ
A{Xb§v \oXn ]peÀ¯nbn«nÃ.
]dbp¶Xpt]mse {InkvXp tbiphnsâ kvt\lw Fs¶ \nÀ_Ôn¡p¶p. Cu coXnbn C´ns\
ImWpIbmsW¦n hN\w {]tLmjn¨v kIe PmXnItfmSpw kphntijw Adnbn¡pI F¶pÅ ho£W¯nÂ,
F\n¡v tXm¶p¶p \½psS k` A{Xam{Xw B cwK¯v apt¶dnbn«nÃ. \n§fpsS hm¡v ISsaSp¯mÂ
A{Xb§v \oXn ]peÀ¯nbn«nÃ.
F¶m cØmaXv Rm³ ]dª ho£W¯nÂ, AXmbXv PohnX¯neqsS
IÀ¯mhns\ Ipsdsbms¡ ImWn¨v sImSp¯v, AXneqsS {InkvXp km¶n[yw aÁpÅhÀ¡v
]¦pshbv¡p¶Xn k` ]ndIneÃ. {]tXyIn¨v I¡« `{Zk\s¯ ZoÀL\mÄ \bn¨ A`nhμy ]pWytÇmI\mb tXthmtZmkykv Xncpta\nbmsW¦nepw Ct¸mÄ B
cwK¯v hfsc DuÀPkzeXtbmsS {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ A`nhμy
ae¦c cXv\w HkvXm¯ntbmkv ]nXmhmsW¦nepw, AXpt]mse {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ aÁpÅhcpw {InkvXp
km¶n[yw ]¦phbv¡p¶pØv kaql¯neqsS. AhnsS tbip{InkvXphnsâ kvt\lam\v AhÀ
]¦phbv¡p¶Xv. At¸mÄ Cu ho£W tImWn t\m¡pt¼mÄ k` \oXn ]peÀ¯p¶pØv.
IÀ¯mhns\ Ipsdsbms¡ ImWn¨v sImSp¯v, AXneqsS {InkvXp km¶n[yw aÁpÅhÀ¡v
]¦pshbv¡p¶Xn k` ]ndIneÃ. {]tXyIn¨v I¡« `{Zk\s¯ ZoÀL\mÄ \bn¨ A`nhμy ]pWytÇmI\mb tXthmtZmkykv Xncpta\nbmsW¦nepw Ct¸mÄ B
cwK¯v hfsc DuÀPkzeXtbmsS {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ A`nhμy
ae¦c cXv\w HkvXm¯ntbmkv ]nXmhmsW¦nepw, AXpt]mse {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ aÁpÅhcpw {InkvXp
km¶n[yw ]¦phbv¡p¶pØv kaql¯neqsS. AhnsS tbip{InkvXphnsâ kvt\lam\v AhÀ
]¦phbv¡p¶Xv. At¸mÄ Cu ho£W tImWn t\m¡pt¼mÄ k` \oXn ]peÀ¯p¶pØv.
2. HmÀ¯vtUmIvkv k`bn ss__nÄ ]T\¯nsâ hyIvXamb Ipdhv
\nan¯w hnizmknIÄ aÁp k`Ifnte¡v Xncnªp t]mIp¶Xmbn ImWp¶p. CXns\ XSbnSm³
F´pamÀ¤amWv k` kzoIcn¡p¶Xv.
\nan¯w hnizmknIÄ aÁp k`Ifnte¡v Xncnªp t]mIp¶Xmbn ImWp¶p. CXns\ XSbnSm³
F´pamÀ¤amWv k` kzoIcn¡p¶Xv.
D: CXn\pw cØv coXnbnÂ
\n¶psImtØ D¯cw ]dbphm³ IgnbpÃp. ss__nÄ ]T\s¯ kw_Ôn¨v ]cnjvIcnt¡Ø Xe§fpØv AXmbXv
\½psS ]nXm¡·mcpsS ImeL«w, Rm³ Dt±in¡p¶Xv. Hcp \memw \qÁmsØms¡bmsW¦n ]nXm¡·mÀ
ss__nÄ ]T\ ip{iqj \nÀÆln¨Xv C¶v \½pw ImWp¶Xpt]mse Hcp Text book’s
status AÃm AXmbXv thZ ]pkvXIw Xpd¶v h¨n«v
AXn \n¶v hmIyw {]XnhmIyw FSp¯v hymJym\n¨v ]dªv sImSp¡p¶ coXn Bbncp¶nÃ. adn¨v
AhÀ kzoIcn¨ncn¡p¶Xv Bcm[\bneqsS ssZh hN\w ]Tn¸n¡p¶ coXn Bbncp¶p. DZmlcWambn
\akvImc¯n³ D]tbmKn¡p¶ ]m«pIfneqsSbpw {]mÀXvY\IfneqsSbpw aÁpw. AXns\ AhÀ sNbvXXv
{]mÀXvY\¦fpw Bcm[\ KoX§fpw Hs¡ cNn¨vt¸mjpw Nn«s¸Sp¯nbt¸mgpw AXnsâ apgph³
.......Dw FSp¯¯v thZ]pÌI¯n \n¶mWv. At¸mgpw Bcm[\ aÞve¯neqsS, {]mÀXvY\bneqsS
ssZh hN\s¯ `wKnbmbn AhXcn¸n¡pIbmbncp¶p ]nX¡v·mÀ sNbvXXv, AXpw Hcp ]mTyssienbmWv.
Cu ssien kzoIcn¨psImØv {]mÀXvY\Ifpw Bcm[\Ifpw Ipsd BgapÅXmbn¯oÀ¶p AXv t]mknÁohv
BXn XoÀ¶p. F¶m \½psS Ipdhv F¶v ]dbp¶Xv Cu Bcm[\ thØXvt]mse {i²n¡pItbm AXnsâ
A´cmÀYw a\Ênem¡pItbm sN¿m³ km[n¡msX t]mIpItbm, kmhImiw thØXpt]mse In«msX hcpIb
sN¿p¶Xv sImØv AXneqsS I½ypWnt¡Áv sN¿m³ Dt±in¨ thZ]pkvXI clky§sf ]qÀ®ambn
DÄsImÅm³ \ap¡v IgnbmsX t]mbn F¶pÅXmWv.
\n¶psImtØ D¯cw ]dbphm³ IgnbpÃp. ss__nÄ ]T\s¯ kw_Ôn¨v ]cnjvIcnt¡Ø Xe§fpØv AXmbXv
\½psS ]nXm¡·mcpsS ImeL«w, Rm³ Dt±in¡p¶Xv. Hcp \memw \qÁmsØms¡bmsW¦n ]nXm¡·mÀ
ss__nÄ ]T\ ip{iqj \nÀÆln¨Xv C¶v \½pw ImWp¶Xpt]mse Hcp Text book’s
status AÃm AXmbXv thZ ]pkvXIw Xpd¶v h¨n«v
AXn \n¶v hmIyw {]XnhmIyw FSp¯v hymJym\n¨v ]dªv sImSp¡p¶ coXn Bbncp¶nÃ. adn¨v
AhÀ kzoIcn¨ncn¡p¶Xv Bcm[\bneqsS ssZh hN\w ]Tn¸n¡p¶ coXn Bbncp¶p. DZmlcWambn
\akvImc¯n³ D]tbmKn¡p¶ ]m«pIfneqsSbpw {]mÀXvY\IfneqsSbpw aÁpw. AXns\ AhÀ sNbvXXv
{]mÀXvY\¦fpw Bcm[\ KoX§fpw Hs¡ cNn¨vt¸mjpw Nn«s¸Sp¯nbt¸mgpw AXnsâ apgph³
.......Dw FSp¯¯v thZ]pÌI¯n \n¶mWv. At¸mgpw Bcm[\ aÞve¯neqsS, {]mÀXvY\bneqsS
ssZh hN\s¯ `wKnbmbn AhXcn¸n¡pIbmbncp¶p ]nX¡v·mÀ sNbvXXv, AXpw Hcp ]mTyssienbmWv.
Cu ssien kzoIcn¨psImØv {]mÀXvY\Ifpw Bcm[\Ifpw Ipsd BgapÅXmbn¯oÀ¶p AXv t]mknÁohv
BXn XoÀ¶p. F¶m \½psS Ipdhv F¶v ]dbp¶Xv Cu Bcm[\ thØXvt]mse {i²n¡pItbm AXnsâ
A´cmÀYw a\Ênem¡pItbm sN¿m³ km[n¡msX t]mIpItbm, kmhImiw thØXpt]mse In«msX hcpIb
sN¿p¶Xv sImØv AXneqsS I½ypWnt¡Áv sN¿m³ Dt±in¨ thZ]pkvXI clky§sf ]qÀ®ambn
DÄsImÅm³ \ap¡v IgnbmsX t]mbn F¶pÅXmWv.
F¶m cØmas¯ ssien thZ]pkvXIs¯ ssZ\Zn\ PohnX¯neqsStbm
AÂamb ]mTy]²XnIfneqsStbm, ktØkv¡qÄ ]T\¯neqsStbm, Asæn \½psS Bcm[\IfnÂ
{]tXyIn¨v Hcp kabw thÀXncn¨psImØv ss__nÄ ]T\¯n\v thØn Du¶Â sImSp¯v Hcp ssien
C\nbpw \mw hfÀ¯nsbSpt¡Ønbncn¡p¶p. C§s\sbms¡bmsW¦nepw B taJeIfn \½Ä ]pdInemWv
F¶v F\n¡v tXm¶p¶nÃ. Bcm[\, kwKoX taJeIfneqsS thZ]pkvXI clky§sf Hcp]mSv
]dªpXcp¶psئnepw AXv thØXv t]mse DÄs¡mÅm³ \½psS BfpIÄ¡v AgnbmsX t]mIp¶p.
AXpsImØv k` Ipsd¡qSn Kuchambn thZ]pkvXI ]T\¯n Hcp sSIvÌv FSp¯v hmIyw
{]XnhIyambn hniIe\w sNbvXv ssZ\Zn\ PohnX¯n AXnsâ {]kvIvXn F´mWv F¶v ]dªv
sImSp¯psImØv ]Tn¸n¡m³ ]Áp¶ coXnbn Xs¶ Hcp ]mTy ]²Xn BhnjvIcnt¡Ønbncn¡p¶p.
AÂamb ]mTy]²XnIfneqsStbm, ktØkv¡qÄ ]T\¯neqsStbm, Asæn \½psS Bcm[\IfnÂ
{]tXyIn¨v Hcp kabw thÀXncn¨psImØv ss__nÄ ]T\¯n\v thØn Du¶Â sImSp¯v Hcp ssien
C\nbpw \mw hfÀ¯nsbSpt¡Ønbncn¡p¶p. C§s\sbms¡bmsW¦nepw B taJeIfn \½Ä ]pdInemWv
F¶v F\n¡v tXm¶p¶nÃ. Bcm[\, kwKoX taJeIfneqsS thZ]pkvXI clky§sf Hcp]mSv
]dªpXcp¶psئnepw AXv thØXv t]mse DÄs¡mÅm³ \½psS BfpIÄ¡v AgnbmsX t]mIp¶p.
AXpsImØv k` Ipsd¡qSn Kuchambn thZ]pkvXI ]T\¯n Hcp sSIvÌv FSp¯v hmIyw
{]XnhIyambn hniIe\w sNbvXv ssZ\Zn\ PohnX¯n AXnsâ {]kvIvXn F´mWv F¶v ]dªv
sImSp¯psImØv ]Tn¸n¡m³ ]Áp¶ coXnbn Xs¶ Hcp ]mTy ]²Xn BhnjvIcnt¡Ønbncn¡p¶p.
3. {InkvXob k` ]pXnb \nba¯n A[njvTnßmbncn¡pt¼mÄ ]gb
\nba¯nsâ {]kIvXn F{XamWv {InkvXob k`Ifn DÅXv F¶v hniZoIcn¡mtam?
\nba¯nsâ {]kIvXn F{XamWv {InkvXob k`Ifn DÅXv F¶v hniZoIcn¡mtam?
D: thZimkn{X]cambn Nn´n¨m CXns\mcp Frame work DØv. krjvSn, hogv¨, c£m{]hÀ¯\w, \ymbhn[n CXns\ c£m
Ncn{Xw (salvation
history) F\mWv ]dbp¶Xv. c£m Ncn{Xw
XpS§p¶Xv krjvSn apXemWv. krjvSn¡v tijw hogvN kw`hn¡p¶p. A§s\ hoWpt]mb a\pjys\
c£n¡phm\mbn«pÅ IÀ¯mhnsâ c£m{]hÀ¯\w, AXn\v tijw hcp¶XmWv \ymbhn[n CXmWv c£m
Ncn{Xw . AXpsImØv Cu c£m Ncn{X¯n\v AI¯v \n¶psImØmWv k`bpsS hnizmks¯ t\m¡n
ImtWØXv. At¸mÄ CXnsâ ASnkvYm\¯n {InkvXob k` ]pXnb \nba¯n A[njvTnXamWv F¶pÅ
{]tbmKw Xs¶ ]qÀ®ambpw icnbÃ. A§s\bmsW¦n \ap¡v krjvSntb¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡m³
H¡¯nÃtÃ. ImcWw AXv kw`hn¨Xv ]gy\nba ImeL«¯nemWv. c£mNcn{X¯n\v AI¯v \n¶psImØv
am{Xta k`tbbpw hnizmkt¯bpw t\m¡nImWmhp. IÀ¯mhnsâ c£m{]hÀ¯\¯nsâ XpSÀ¨bm\v
{InkvXob k`. {InkvXob k`bpsS {]hÀ¯\w IÀ¯mhnsâ cØmas¯ hchvhsc XpScpw.
Ncn{Xw (salvation
history) F\mWv ]dbp¶Xv. c£m Ncn{Xw
XpS§p¶Xv krjvSn apXemWv. krjvSn¡v tijw hogvN kw`hn¡p¶p. A§s\ hoWpt]mb a\pjys\
c£n¡phm\mbn«pÅ IÀ¯mhnsâ c£m{]hÀ¯\w, AXn\v tijw hcp¶XmWv \ymbhn[n CXmWv c£m
Ncn{Xw . AXpsImØv Cu c£m Ncn{X¯n\v AI¯v \n¶psImØmWv k`bpsS hnizmks¯ t\m¡n
ImtWØXv. At¸mÄ CXnsâ ASnkvYm\¯n {InkvXob k` ]pXnb \nba¯n A[njvTnXamWv F¶pÅ
{]tbmKw Xs¶ ]qÀ®ambpw icnbÃ. A§s\bmsW¦n \ap¡v krjvSntb¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡m³
H¡¯nÃtÃ. ImcWw AXv kw`hn¨Xv ]gy\nba ImeL«¯nemWv. c£mNcn{X¯n\v AI¯v \n¶psImØv
am{Xta k`tbbpw hnizmkt¯bpw t\m¡nImWmhp. IÀ¯mhnsâ c£m{]hÀ¯\¯nsâ XpSÀ¨bm\v
{InkvXob k`. {InkvXob k`bpsS {]hÀ¯\w IÀ¯mhnsâ cØmas¯ hchvhsc XpScpw.
At¸mÄ ]pXnb \nba¯neqsS IÀ¯mhmb tbip {InkvXphnsâ
a\pjyhXmc
a\pjyhXmc
{]hÀ¯\§fpw ]n¶n«pÅ
k`bpsS BZy¡me Ncn{Xhpw ]dbp¶Xv t]mse Xs¶ {]m[m\yw AÀln¡p¶XmWv ]gb\nba kw`h§fpw
]gb\nbahpw. AXpsImØv IÀ¯mhv ]db¶p Rm³ ]gbXns\ \o¡phm\à h¶Xv AXv \nhÀ¯n¡phm\s{X
F¶v.
k`bpsS BZy¡me Ncn{Xhpw ]dbp¶Xv t]mse Xs¶ {]m[m\yw AÀln¡p¶XmWv ]gb\nba kw`h§fpw
]gb\nbahpw. AXpsImØv IÀ¯mhv ]db¶p Rm³ ]gbXns\ \o¡phm\à h¶Xv AXv \nhÀ¯n¡phm\s{X
F¶v.
4 HmÀ¯tUmIvkv k` hn{Klmcm[\sb A\pIqen¡m¯ AhkvYbnÂ
\½psS ]ÅnIfn hbv¡p¶ Nn{X§fpw aÁpw asÁmcp hn{Klmcm[\ coXnbmbn amdp¶ptØm?
\½psS ]ÅnIfn hbv¡p¶ Nn{X§fpw aÁpw asÁmcp hn{Klmcm[\ coXnbmbn amdp¶ptØm?
D: \½psS k` hn{Klmcm[\sb Hcn¡epw A\pIqen¡p¶nÃ
F¶pam{Xaà {InkvXob k`IÄ F¶pw hn{Klmcm[\sb A\pIqen¡p¶nÃ. ]¯v I¸\bnse \nÀt±i¯nsâ
Ncn{X]camb ]ivNm¯ew \ma Adnªncnt¡ØpXpØv. AXmbXv hn{Kl§sf Bcm[n¨v sImØncp¶Xmb
Hcp ImeL«w. {]tXyIn¨v {]hmkPohnXw Ignªv {]bmW¯nsâ ImeL«w. Cu {]bmW¯nsâ kab¯v
hnhn[ tZi§fneqsS IS¶v t]mIpIbmWv. At¸mÄ Cu IS¶v t]mIp¶ {]tZis¯
{]mtZinIaXNn´Ifpw ssZhNn´Ifpw AXn \n¶v Dcp¯ncnbp\ BNmc§fpw aÁpw Ahcntebv¡v
IS¶v IqSn. F§s\ ]e sXÁmb Nn´Ifpw IS¶v IqSnbt¸mÄ AhÀ hn{Kl§sf DØm¡n Bcm[n¡m³
XpS§n. AXmbXv kXyssZhs¯ ad¶v GsX¦nepw Hcp cq]w DØm¡n B cq]s¯ ssZh¯n\v ka\mbn IØ
Bcm[n¡m³ XpS§n. C§s\ Hcp kmlNcy¯nAeWv bmsXm¶nsâbpw hn{Kls¯ DØm¡cpXv F¶pÅ Iev]\
\ÂIp¶Xv.
F¶pam{Xaà {InkvXob k`IÄ F¶pw hn{Klmcm[\sb A\pIqen¡p¶nÃ. ]¯v I¸\bnse \nÀt±i¯nsâ
Ncn{X]camb ]ivNm¯ew \ma Adnªncnt¡ØpXpØv. AXmbXv hn{Kl§sf Bcm[n¨v sImØncp¶Xmb
Hcp ImeL«w. {]tXyIn¨v {]hmkPohnXw Ignªv {]bmW¯nsâ ImeL«w. Cu {]bmW¯nsâ kab¯v
hnhn[ tZi§fneqsS IS¶v t]mIpIbmWv. At¸mÄ Cu IS¶v t]mIp¶ {]tZis¯
{]mtZinIaXNn´Ifpw ssZhNn´Ifpw AXn \n¶v Dcp¯ncnbp\ BNmc§fpw aÁpw Ahcntebv¡v
IS¶v IqSn. F§s\ ]e sXÁmb Nn´Ifpw IS¶v IqSnbt¸mÄ AhÀ hn{Kl§sf DØm¡n Bcm[n¡m³
XpS§n. AXmbXv kXyssZhs¯ ad¶v GsX¦nepw Hcp cq]w DØm¡n B cq]s¯ ssZh¯n\v ka\mbn IØ
Bcm[n¡m³ XpS§n. C§s\ Hcp kmlNcy¯nAeWv bmsXm¶nsâbpw hn{Kls¯ DØm¡cpXv F¶pÅ Iev]\
\ÂIp¶Xv.
hn{Klmcm[\ F¶v ]dbp¶Xv Hcp kwKXn DØm¡n CXv ]qÀ®\mb
ssZhamsW¶v hnizkn¨v Bcm[n¡p¶XmWv. FÃm AÀ°¯nepw ssZh¯n\v Hcp ]Ic¡mcs\ ImWp¶
coXnbmWv. F¶m k`bn CXà \S¡p¶Xv. ChnsS hfsc efnXambn ssZhNn´ \½fpsS a\ÊnÂ
DWÀ¯m\mbn«v Nne am[ya§sf kzoIcn¡bm\v. Hcp DZmlcWw ]dbmw Rm³ cØv Znhkt¯bv¡v Hcp
bm{X t]mIpIymWv, t]mIpt¼mÄ Rm³ [cn¨ncn¡p¶ sa{Xt¸men¯·mcpsS Cu hkv{Xw apdnbnÂ
Xq¡nbn«mWv t]mbXv. At¸mÄ \n§Ä Bsc¦nepw apdnbn hcnIbpw Rm³ Xq¡n C«v t]mbncn¡p¶
hkv{Xw Im\pIbpw sN¿pIbmWv. DSs\ Hcp tXm¶Â a³Ên DØmIp¶p At¿m CXv Xncpta\nbptSbm
F¶v. F¶m Cu hkv{Xw Xncpta\nbà adn¨v Cu hkv{Xw \½fn DWÀ¯p¶ Ipd¨v \Ã
hnImc§fpØv. AXv \½Ä D]tbmKn¡p¶p F¶v am{Xw AÃmsX Cu hkv{Xw Xncpta\nbmsW¶v
Bsc¦nepw ]dbptam?
ssZhamsW¶v hnizkn¨v Bcm[n¡p¶XmWv. FÃm AÀ°¯nepw ssZh¯n\v Hcp ]Ic¡mcs\ ImWp¶
coXnbmWv. F¶m k`bn CXà \S¡p¶Xv. ChnsS hfsc efnXambn ssZhNn´ \½fpsS a\ÊnÂ
DWÀ¯m\mbn«v Nne am[ya§sf kzoIcn¡bm\v. Hcp DZmlcWw ]dbmw Rm³ cØv Znhkt¯bv¡v Hcp
bm{X t]mIpIymWv, t]mIpt¼mÄ Rm³ [cn¨ncn¡p¶ sa{Xt¸men¯·mcpsS Cu hkv{Xw apdnbnÂ
Xq¡nbn«mWv t]mbXv. At¸mÄ \n§Ä Bsc¦nepw apdnbn hcnIbpw Rm³ Xq¡n C«v t]mbncn¡p¶
hkv{Xw Im\pIbpw sN¿pIbmWv. DSs\ Hcp tXm¶Â a³Ên DØmIp¶p At¿m CXv Xncpta\nbptSbm
F¶v. F¶m Cu hkv{Xw Xncpta\nbà adn¨v Cu hkv{Xw \½fn DWÀ¯p¶ Ipd¨v \Ã
hnImc§fpØv. AXv \½Ä D]tbmKn¡p¶p F¶v am{Xw AÃmsX Cu hkv{Xw Xncpta\nbmsW¶v
Bsc¦nepw ]dbptam?
Hcn¡epw Nn{X§Ä ]gb \nba¯nse I¸\IfneqsS \ntcm[n¡s¸« B
Bibw Bbn«Ã adn¨v CXv a\pjy a\Ên\v ssZhw t_m[w DWÀ¯\mbn«mWv. ssZht_m[w
heÀ¯nsbSp¡phm\bn«pÅ Hcp GIIw Bbn a{XamWv ImWp¶Xv.
Bibw Bbn«Ã adn¨v CXv a\pjy a\Ên\v ssZhw t_m[w DWÀ¯\mbn«mWv. ssZht_m[w
heÀ¯nsbSp¡phm\bn«pÅ Hcp GIIw Bbn a{XamWv ImWp¶Xv.
5. BtKmfh¡cW¯nsâ {]Xn{]hÀ¯\w HmÀ¯tUmIvkv hnizmks¯
£oWn¸n¡p ¶ptØm?
£oWn¸n¡p ¶ptØm?
D: Nne aÞe§fn Hcp ]cn[nhsc DØv F¶v ]dbmXncn¡m³ ]ÁnÃ.
BtKmfhÂIcWs¯ km¼¯nI Xe¯n am{Xaà ImsWØXv. AXv Hcp {]Xn`mkamWv AsX km¼¯nI
taJeIfnepØv, hnizmk taJeIfnepØv, PohnX ssienbn DØv, kzm`mh¯n DØv,
]cnkvYnXnbn DØv A§s\ FÃm taJeIfnepw AXnsâ {]hÀ¯\w DØv. AXn NneXv kaql \·bv¡v
DXIp¶XmWv, NneXv kaql\·bv¡vv tIm«w DØm¡p¶XpamWv.
BtKmfhÂIcWs¯ km¼¯nI Xe¯n am{Xaà ImsWØXv. AXv Hcp {]Xn`mkamWv AsX km¼¯nI
taJeIfnepØv, hnizmk taJeIfnepØv, PohnX ssienbn DØv, kzm`mh¯n DØv,
]cnkvYnXnbn DØv A§s\ FÃm taJeIfnepw AXnsâ {]hÀ¯\w DØv. AXn NneXv kaql \·bv¡v
DXIp¶XmWv, NneXv kaql\·bv¡vv tIm«w DØm¡p¶XpamWv.
Nn´m[mc hym]cn¡p¶Xpw, GsX¦nepw Nn´m[mcbpsS IS¶v aÁv
kvYe§fn DØmIp¶Xpw Cu BtKmfh¡cWw t]mse Xs¶bmWv. hnizmk aÞe¯nepw BtKmf
h¡cW¯nsâ {]Xn^e\w DØmbn«pØv.{]tXyIn¨v bqtdm¸nepw, Atacnbv¡bnepsams¡.
kvYe§fn DØmIp¶Xpw Cu BtKmfh¡cWw t]mse Xs¶bmWv. hnizmk aÞe¯nepw BtKmf
h¡cW¯nsâ {]Xn^e\w DØmbn«pØv.{]tXyIn¨v bqtdm¸nepw, Atacnbv¡bnepsams¡.
AhnsS {InkvXob hnizmkw
t]mbnsImØncn¡pIbmWv, A¸vt¸mÄ {InkvXoXbpsS {]kIvXn Ipdªv t]mb¯mbn AhÀ¡v
tXm¶nbt¸mÄ AhnsS DØmb¯mWv AcnkvamÁnIv, s]´tImkvXv {]kvYm\§Ä. CXpIqSmsX km¼¯nI
taJebnse BtKmfh¡cWhpw k`mPohnXs¯ km[n¨n«pØv AXv hnizmkt¯bpw kzm[o\n¨n«pØv.
AXnsâ {]tXyIX F´mWv F¶v tNmZn¨m BtKmfh¡cW¯nsâ `mKambn«v HcpXcw kmwkvImcnI
A[n\nthiw {]tXyIn¨v tIce¯nse kpdnbm\n {InkvXym\nIfpsS aqey hyhkvYnXnsb
kzm[o\n¨n«pØv.
t]mbnsImØncn¡pIbmWv, A¸vt¸mÄ {InkvXoXbpsS {]kIvXn Ipdªv t]mb¯mbn AhÀ¡v
tXm¶nbt¸mÄ AhnsS DØmb¯mWv AcnkvamÁnIv, s]´tImkvXv {]kvYm\§Ä. CXpIqSmsX km¼¯nI
taJebnse BtKmfh¡cWhpw k`mPohnXs¯ km[n¨n«pØv AXv hnizmkt¯bpw kzm[o\n¨n«pØv.
AXnsâ {]tXyIX F´mWv F¶v tNmZn¨m BtKmfh¡cW¯nsâ `mKambn«v HcpXcw kmwkvImcnI
A[n\nthiw {]tXyIn¨v tIce¯nse kpdnbm\n {InkvXym\nIfpsS aqey hyhkvYnXnsb
kzm[o\n¨n«pØv.
6. hnhn[ k`IÄ X½n GXv coXnbn BWv hyXymks¸«ncn¡p¶Xv,
AXv F¸nkvtIm¸Â k`IÄ BsW¦n IqSn.
AXv F¸nkvtIm¸Â k`IÄ BsW¦n IqSn.
D: {][m\ambn ss{IkvXh temIs¯ 3 {][m\ hn`m§fmbn Xcw
Xncn¡mw.
Xncn¡mw.
1. Im¯enIv NÀ¨v 2. HmÀ¯vtUmIvkv NÀ¨v 3. s{]m«Ìâv NÀ¨v
Cu aq¶v hn`m§fn Xs¶ Hmtcm NÀ¨n\pw {]tXyIXIÄ DØv.
Im¯enIv NÀ¨v AXv Hcp HÁ k`bÃ. adn¨v Hcp hyIvXnsb t\Xmhmbn AwKoIcn¡p¶ Hcp Iq«w
k`Ifm\v.
Im¯enIv NÀ¨v AXv Hcp HÁ k`bÃ. adn¨v Hcp hyIvXnsb t\Xmhmbn AwKoIcn¡p¶ Hcp Iq«w
k`Ifm\v.
HmÀXtUmIvkv k`bpsS Imcy¯n Ah ss_skâbnÂ, Hmdnbâ F¶n
cØv hn`mK§fmbn Xcw Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p. ae¦c HmÀ¯tUmIvkv k` AXn Hmdnbâ hn`mK¯n hcp¶
5 k`Ifn H\mWv.
cØv hn`mK§fmbn Xcw Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p. ae¦c HmÀ¯tUmIvkv k` AXn Hmdnbâ hn`mK¯n hcp¶
5 k`Ifn H\mWv.
s{]m«Ìâv NÀ¨v 16-mw
\qÁmØnsâ BÀw`¯n It¯men¡ k`bn \n¶pw cq]s¸« Hcp hn`mKamWv ]n¶oSv AXv k`bmbn
cq]m´cs¸«p.
\qÁmØnsâ BÀw`¯n It¯men¡ k`bn \n¶pw cq]s¸« Hcp hn`mKamWv ]n¶oSv AXv k`bmbn
cq]m´cs¸«p.
7. k` IqSpXembn kaql¯nepw cmjv{Sob¯nepw F´psImØv
CSs]Sp¶nÃ?
CSs]Sp¶nÃ?
D: k` cmjv{Sob¯n CSs]ScpXv AXpt]mse Xs¶ cmjv{Sobw
k`mImcy§fnepw CSs]ScpXv F¶mWv Fsâ hyIvXn]camb A`n{]mbw. It¯men¡ k`bnse AwK§sf
t]mse Nn´n¡p¶hcà \½psS k`ma¡Ä. ImcWw It¯men¡ k`bnse BfpIsf¡mÄ hnZym`ymkw
Bbmepw, Nn´m[mcbpsS Imcy¯n Bbmepw GXv coXnbn Bbmepw Ipd¨v DbÀ¶v \nehmcw
]peÀ¯p¶ BfpIfmWv \ap¡v DÅXv. CXv Fsâ A`n{]baÃm 9899 ImeL«¯n Zn lnμp ]{X¯n h¶ cnt¸mÀ«n tIcf¯nse {InkvXob k`Ifn FÃm
hn`mK§fnepw ap¶n \n¡p¶Xv HmÀ¯vtUmIvkv k`mhnizmknIfmWv F¶v hmbn¡m³ CSbmbXv
HmÀ¡p¶p.
k`mImcy§fnepw CSs]ScpXv F¶mWv Fsâ hyIvXn]camb A`n{]mbw. It¯men¡ k`bnse AwK§sf
t]mse Nn´n¡p¶hcà \½psS k`ma¡Ä. ImcWw It¯men¡ k`bnse BfpIsf¡mÄ hnZym`ymkw
Bbmepw, Nn´m[mcbpsS Imcy¯n Bbmepw GXv coXnbn Bbmepw Ipd¨v DbÀ¶v \nehmcw
]peÀ¯p¶ BfpIfmWv \ap¡v DÅXv. CXv Fsâ A`n{]baÃm 9899 ImeL«¯n Zn lnμp ]{X¯n h¶ cnt¸mÀ«n tIcf¯nse {InkvXob k`Ifn FÃm
hn`mK§fnepw ap¶n \n¡p¶Xv HmÀ¯vtUmIvkv k`mhnizmknIfmWv F¶v hmbn¡m³ CSbmbXv
HmÀ¡p¶p.
\½psS k`ma¡Ä¡v AhÀ XmÂ]cys¸Sp¶ GXv cmjv{Sob
\ne]mSpIfnepw \n¡m³ AhÀ¡v kzmX{´yapØv. C¡mcy¯n thWsa¦n k`bv¡v H¶pam{XamWv
sN¿m\pÅXv AXv P\m[n]Xy aqey§sf DbÀ¯n¸nSn¡p¶, kaqlt¯mSv \oXn ]peÀ¯p¶ hyIvXnIsf
\n§Ä sXctªSp¡Ww F¶pÅ \nÀtZiw \ÂIpI F¶pÅXmWv.
\ne]mSpIfnepw \n¡m³ AhÀ¡v kzmX{´yapØv. C¡mcy¯n thWsa¦n k`bv¡v H¶pam{XamWv
sN¿m\pÅXv AXv P\m[n]Xy aqey§sf DbÀ¯n¸nSn¡p¶, kaqlt¯mSv \oXn ]peÀ¯p¶ hyIvXnIsf
\n§Ä sXctªSp¡Ww F¶pÅ \nÀtZiw \ÂIpI F¶pÅXmWv.
8. k`bnse ÌvXm\nIÄ (taÂ]«¡mÀ XpS§nbhÀ) AhnhmlnXÀ
Bbncn¡Wsa¶v k` \njvIÀjn¡p¶Xn\pÅ ImcWw F´mWv.
Bbncn¡Wsa¶v k` \njvIÀjn¡p¶Xn\pÅ ImcWw F´mWv.
D: k`bpsS Ncn{X¯n Hcp 3amw \qÁmØv hsc FÃm kvYm\nIfpw
hnhmlPohnXw \bn¡p¶hcmbncp¶p. GItZiw 4amw \qÁmØv apXÂ k\ymk {]kvYm\w k`bnÂ
hnhmlPohnXw \bn¡p¶hcmbncp¶p. GItZiw 4amw \qÁmØv apXÂ k\ymk {]kvYm\w k`bnÂ
iIvXambn. k\ymk
{]kvYm\w iIvXamIpIbpw AXnsâ BIa\ ^eambn \maÄ C¶v D]tbmKn¡p¶ At\I Bcm[\ {Ia§Ä
DSseSp¡pIbpw sNbvXp. IqSmsX AXnsâ Hcp A\´c^eambn«v ]qÀ® kabmhpw k`mip{iqjbv¡v
kaÀ¸n¡m³ km[n¡p¶ Hcp Iq«w BfpIÄ hfÀ¶p h¶p. A§s\ h¶ k`bpsS Ncn{X]camb hfÀ¨bnse
Hcp kwKXnbmWv AhnhmlnXcmb k\ykvXcmb BfpIfn \n¶v taÂ]«¡msc sXscsªSp¡pI F¶pÅXv.
CXn\v thZimkv{X]cambtXm Asæn thZ]pkvXI AXnjvSnXambtXm Bb \ymbnIcWanÃ.
{]kvYm\w iIvXamIpIbpw AXnsâ BIa\ ^eambn \maÄ C¶v D]tbmKn¡p¶ At\I Bcm[\ {Ia§Ä
DSseSp¡pIbpw sNbvXp. IqSmsX AXnsâ Hcp A\´c^eambn«v ]qÀ® kabmhpw k`mip{iqjbv¡v
kaÀ¸n¡m³ km[n¡p¶ Hcp Iq«w BfpIÄ hfÀ¶p h¶p. A§s\ h¶ k`bpsS Ncn{X]camb hfÀ¨bnse
Hcp kwKXnbmWv AhnhmlnXcmb k\ykvXcmb BfpIfn \n¶v taÂ]«¡msc sXscsªSp¡pI F¶pÅXv.
CXn\v thZimkv{X]cambtXm Asæn thZ]pkvXI AXnjvSnXambtXm Bb \ymbnIcWanÃ.
9 \½psS k`bnse ssZhoI ]T\¯n\v tijw AXn\¸pdambn
]Tn¡p¶Xn\v aÁpw kuIcyaptØm? {]tXyIn¨v k`bnse D¶X kvYm\t¯bv¡v
sXscsªSp¡s¸Sp¶hÀ¡mbn?
]Tn¡p¶Xn\v aÁpw kuIcyaptØm? {]tXyIn¨v k`bnse D¶X kvYm\t¯bv¡v
sXscsªSp¡s¸Sp¶hÀ¡mbn?
D: sa{Xt¸men¯amÀt¡m, k`bnse aÁv DbÀ¶ kvYm\t¯bv¡v
sXcsªSp¡s¸Sp¶zÀt¡m {IaoIrXamb Hcp tImgvtkm, ]mTy]²XnItfm, ¢mÊpItfm CXphsc
\S¶n«nÃ. ]t£ A§s\ Hcp {IaoIcWw hfsc hfsc BhiyamWv. ]ns¶ ]cnip² kp¶ltZmkpIÄ
kt½fn¡p¶ thfIfn s]mXphmb hnjb§Ä NÀ¨ sN¿pIbpw, Xocpam§Ä FSp¡pIbpw sN¿mdpØv. XoÀ¨bbn«pw
sa{Xt¸meo¯amÀ¡v AhcpsS HmÀ½IÄ ]pXp¡p¶Xn\pw IqSpX ]Tn¡p¶Xpambn \nÀ_Ôambn Hcp
]T\¢mÊv DØmIWw F¶pÅ A`n{]mbt¯mSv Rm³ ]qÀ®ambpw tbmPn¡p¶p.
sXcsªSp¡s¸Sp¶zÀt¡m {IaoIrXamb Hcp tImgvtkm, ]mTy]²XnItfm, ¢mÊpItfm CXphsc
\S¶n«nÃ. ]t£ A§s\ Hcp {IaoIcWw hfsc hfsc BhiyamWv. ]ns¶ ]cnip² kp¶ltZmkpIÄ
kt½fn¡p¶ thfIfn s]mXphmb hnjb§Ä NÀ¨ sN¿pIbpw, Xocpam§Ä FSp¡pIbpw sN¿mdpØv. XoÀ¨bbn«pw
sa{Xt¸meo¯amÀ¡v AhcpsS HmÀ½IÄ ]pXp¡p¶Xn\pw IqSpX ]Tn¡p¶Xpambn \nÀ_Ôambn Hcp
]T\¢mÊv DØmIWw F¶pÅ A`n{]mbt¯mSv Rm³ ]qÀ®ambpw tbmPn¡p¶p.
10. CShI s]mXptbmK§fn kv{XoIÄ¡v thm«hImiw \ÂIm\pÅ
Xocpam\w kao]`mhnbn DØmI\pÅ km[yXbptØm?
Xocpam\w kao]`mhnbn DØmI\pÅ km[yXbptØm?
D: XoÀ¨bmbpw AXn\pÅ kmlNcyw DØv. 2006 se Hcp dqÄ
I½Ánbn iIvXambn CXns\¡pdn¨v Hcp NÀ¨ DØbXmWv, B I½Ánbn _lpam\s¸« H. tXmak¨\pw
Rm\pw kv{Xo thm«hImi¯n\mbn iIvXambn hmZn¨Xv. F¶m A¶v k` A`napJoIcn¨ncn¡p¶ Hcp
{]tXyI kmlNcys¯ ap¶n IØv _mh Xncpta\n XmXvImenIambn AXnt·epÅ Xocpam\w
\o«nhbv¡pIbmWv. F¶m kao] `mhnbn kv{XoIÄ¡v IqSn s]mXptbmK§fn thm«hImiw \ÂIp¶
Xocpam\w DØmIpsa¶v Rm³ {]Xo£n¡p¶p.
I½Ánbn iIvXambn CXns\¡pdn¨v Hcp NÀ¨ DØbXmWv, B I½Ánbn _lpam\s¸« H. tXmak¨\pw
Rm\pw kv{Xo thm«hImi¯n\mbn iIvXambn hmZn¨Xv. F¶m A¶v k` A`napJoIcn¨ncn¡p¶ Hcp
{]tXyI kmlNcys¯ ap¶n IØv _mh Xncpta\n XmXvImenIambn AXnt·epÅ Xocpam\w
\o«nhbv¡pIbmWv. F¶m kao] `mhnbn kv{XoIÄ¡v IqSn s]mXptbmK§fn thm«hImiw \ÂIp¶
Xocpam\w DØmIpsa¶v Rm³ {]Xo£n¡p¶p.
11 k`bv¡v Ct¸mÄ Hcp aoUnb hn`mKw DtØm? Dsئn AXv
B[p\nI Ime¯n\\pkcn¨v {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ptØm?
B[p\nI Ime¯n\\pkcn¨v {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ptØm?
D: ZznZntamkv _mh kvYm\w GsÁSp¶ DSs\ At±l¯nsâ sk{I«dn
F¶pÅ \nebn Rm³ apss¦ FSp¯v Hcp aoUnb sk Xs¶ DØm¡nbncp¶p. \mev, A©v aoÁnwKpIÄ
\S¶XÃmsX B skÃn\p ^e{]Zambn {]hÀ¯n¡m³ IgnªnÃ. ImcWw FÃm {]tZit¯bpw {]mXn\n[yw
DÄsImÅn¨psImØpÅ Hcp I½Án Bbncp¶p AXv. AXpsImØv Xs¶ AXv ^e{]Zambn \S¯m³
_p²nap«mbncp¶p. FÃm Ct¸mÄ aoUnb skÃpw H¶pw Fænepw ASnb´c kmlNcy¯n DbÀ¶phcp¶
hnjb§sf¡pdn¨v BtfmNn¡pIbpw s]mXphmb Xocpam\§Ä FSp¯v {]XnIcW§Ä Adnbn¡pIbpw
sN¿p¶pØv. AXpsImØv Xs¶ ASp¯ Ime¯mbn am[ya§fn ap¼pØmbncp¶Xnt\¡mÄ IqSpXembn
{]kIvXn e`n¡p¶pØv.
F¶pÅ \nebn Rm³ apss¦ FSp¯v Hcp aoUnb sk Xs¶ DØm¡nbncp¶p. \mev, A©v aoÁnwKpIÄ
\S¶XÃmsX B skÃn\p ^e{]Zambn {]hÀ¯n¡m³ IgnªnÃ. ImcWw FÃm {]tZit¯bpw {]mXn\n[yw
DÄsImÅn¨psImØpÅ Hcp I½Án Bbncp¶p AXv. AXpsImØv Xs¶ AXv ^e{]Zambn \S¯m³
_p²nap«mbncp¶p. FÃm Ct¸mÄ aoUnb skÃpw H¶pw Fænepw ASnb´c kmlNcy¯n DbÀ¶phcp¶
hnjb§sf¡pdn¨v BtfmNn¡pIbpw s]mXphmb Xocpam\§Ä FSp¯v {]XnIcW§Ä Adnbn¡pIbpw
sN¿p¶pØv. AXpsImØv Xs¶ ASp¯ Ime¯mbn am[ya§fn ap¼pØmbncp¶Xnt\¡mÄ IqSpXembn
{]kIvXn e`n¡p¶pØv.
12. ]pXnb `{Zmk\¯nsâ BZy`cWm[nImcn F¶pÅ \nebnÂ
Xncpta\nbpsS {]hÀ¯\w GXv coXnbn \S¯m\mWv Dt±in¡p¶Xv?.
Xncpta\nbpsS {]hÀ¯\w GXv coXnbn \S¯m\mWv Dt±in¡p¶Xv?.
D: F\n¡v e`n¨v ASqÀ IS¼\mSv `{Zmk\s¯ kw_Ôn¨v Rm³
hyIvßmb Hcp ¹m³ X¿mdm¡nbn«pØv. 2011 HIvtSm_À 30 hscbpÅ Rv Bbdmgv¨IÄ Fsâ
`{Zmk\¯n\v
hyIvßmb Hcp ¹m³ X¿mdm¡nbn«pØv. 2011 HIvtSm_À 30 hscbpÅ Rv Bbdmgv¨IÄ Fsâ
`{Zmk\¯n\v
IognepÅ ]ÅnIÄ kμÀin¡p¶Xn\mbn sjUyqÄ sNbvXv Ignªp.Cu Imebfhn shdpw 4
Rm bdmgv¨Isf Rm³ Fsâ `{Zmk\¯n CÃmXncn¡pIbpÅp. i\nbmgv¨ sN¶v RmbdmgvN sshIn«v
Xncn¨v t]mcp¶ coXnbnemWv Hmtcm ]ÅnIfpw sjUyqÄ sNbvXncn¡p¶Xv. RmbdmgvNIfn Rm³ kμÀin¡p¶ ]ÅnIfn hà hnhml IpZmi \S¡p¶psئn AXv
\S¯nsImSp¡pIbÃmsX thsd hnhml IpZmiIÄ H¶pw Rm³ \S¯pIbnÃ. Cu ImebfhnÂ
hnhmlIpZmiIfn ]s¦Sp¡Wsa¶v hÃhcpw B{Kln¡p¶psئn AhÀ Rmbdmgv AÃm¯ Znhk§fnÂ
\S¯s«. 2011 HIvtSm_À 30 BIpt¼mtg¡pw ASqÀ, IS¼\mSv `{Zmk\¯nse FÃm Aßob
{]kvYm§fnepw, FÃm `h\§fnepw Rm³ kμÀin¨ncn¡pw.
Rm bdmgv¨Isf Rm³ Fsâ `{Zmk\¯n CÃmXncn¡pIbpÅp. i\nbmgv¨ sN¶v RmbdmgvN sshIn«v
Xncn¨v t]mcp¶ coXnbnemWv Hmtcm ]ÅnIfpw sjUyqÄ sNbvXncn¡p¶Xv. RmbdmgvNIfn Rm³ kμÀin¡p¶ ]ÅnIfn hà hnhml IpZmi \S¡p¶psئn AXv
\S¯nsImSp¡pIbÃmsX thsd hnhml IpZmiIÄ H¶pw Rm³ \S¯pIbnÃ. Cu ImebfhnÂ
hnhmlIpZmiIfn ]s¦Sp¡Wsa¶v hÃhcpw B{Kln¡p¶psئn AhÀ Rmbdmgv AÃm¯ Znhk§fnÂ
\S¯s«. 2011 HIvtSm_À 30 BIpt¼mtg¡pw ASqÀ, IS¼\mSv `{Zmk\¯nse FÃm Aßob
{]kvYm§fnepw, FÃm `h\§fnepw Rm³ kμÀin¨ncn¡pw.
IqSmsX `{Zmk\¯n\v Iognse ]ÅnIfn \n¶v ]pd¯v t]mbn
]Tn¡pItbm, tPmen sN¿pItbm sN¿p¶ hyIvXnIfpsS abn sF. Un. IfIvSv sNbvXv Ahsc
_Ôs¸Sp ¶Xn\pw, kwhZn¡p¶Xn\paÁpambn Hcp A¨s\bpw NpaXes¸Sp¯nbn«pØv.
]Tn¡pItbm, tPmen sN¿pItbm sN¿p¶ hyIvXnIfpsS abn sF. Un. IfIvSv sNbvXv Ahsc
_Ôs¸Sp ¶Xn\pw, kwhZn¡p¶Xn\paÁpambn Hcp A¨s\bpw NpaXes¸Sp¯nbn«pØv.
Rm³ C§s\ Hcp Xocpam\w FSp¡m\pÅ ImcmWw \½psS k` IqSpXÂ
iIvXamIW sa¦n bphm¡tfbpw, hnZymÀ°nIsfbpw tI{μoIcn¨v {]hÀ¯nt¡Ønbncn¡p¶p. At¸mÄ AXn\pÅ BZy]Sn Rm³ Fsâ `{Zmk\¯nÂ
\S¸nem¡m³ {ian¡pIbmWv.
iIvXamIW sa¦n bphm¡tfbpw, hnZymÀ°nIsfbpw tI{μoIcn¨v {]hÀ¯nt¡Ønbncn¡p¶p. At¸mÄ AXn\pÅ BZy]Sn Rm³ Fsâ `{Zmk\¯nÂ
\S¸nem¡m³ {ian¡pIbmWv.
Xncpta\nbpsS tNmZyw?
13. C\n Rm³ \n§tfmSv tNmZyvav tNmZn¡s«, \n§fpsS Cu
ss{XamknIbpsS ssSÁn (bphZÀi\w)hfsc \ÃXm. CXnsâ AÀ°w ]qÀ®ambn a\Ênem¡nbn«ptØm?
ss{XamknIbpsS ssSÁn (bphZÀi\w)hfsc \ÃXm. CXnsâ AÀ°w ]qÀ®ambn a\Ênem¡nbn«ptØm?
D: bph ZÀi\w cØv ]Z§fmWv, H¶v bphm¡Ä, cØv ZÀi\w. ZÀi\w F¶m
hm¡nsâ ]qÀ®amb AÀ°w \mw a\Ênem¡Ww. kwkvIrX¯n ZÀ Fs¶mcp [mXp]Z¯n \n¶mWv ZÀi\w,
ZmÀi\nIX F¶n hm¡pIÄ DØmbncn¡p¶Xv. ZÀi\w F¶ hm¡nsâ AÀ°w F´mWv F¶v h¨mÂ
N{¡hmf§Ä¡v B¸pdapÅXns\ ImWm\pÅ Ignhv F¶mWv. N{Ihmf§Ä ]eXpØv \½psS ImeL«¯nsâ,
tZi¯nsâ, `mjbpsS, aX¯nsâ, k`bpsS hÀ® enwK A§s\ A§s\. Hcp ZÀiIsâ {]tXymIX Cu
N{Ihmf§sf FÃmw AXnPohn¸n¡p¶ Imgv¨ ImWm³ Ignbp¶h\mWv F¶pÅXmWv, A§s\bpÅhscbmWv
ZmÀi\nI³ F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. 21-mw
\qÁmØns\ DÄI®n ImWpIbpw sN¿p¶h³ AXmbXv 20-mw
\qÁmØnsâ N{Ihmfs¯ adnIS¶v 21-mw
\qÁmØns\ ImWp¶h³. AXpsImØv Cu ssSÁn hfsc tbmPn¨XmWv. At¸mÄ bphZÀi\w F¶XpsImØv
Dt±in¡p¶Xv km[mcW buh\¯nsâ Imgv¨¸mSpIsf adn¡S¶pÅ Imgv¨. buh\¯nse apgph³
DuÀÖ§tfbpw D]tbmKn¨psImØv ImeL«¯nsâ N{Ihmfs¯ adn¡S¡p¶ Imgv¨¸mSpÅhÀ F¶mWv.
\n§Ä¡v FÃmhn[ BiwkIfpw.
hm¡nsâ ]qÀ®amb AÀ°w \mw a\Ênem¡Ww. kwkvIrX¯n ZÀ Fs¶mcp [mXp]Z¯n \n¶mWv ZÀi\w,
ZmÀi\nIX F¶n hm¡pIÄ DØmbncn¡p¶Xv. ZÀi\w F¶ hm¡nsâ AÀ°w F´mWv F¶v h¨mÂ
N{¡hmf§Ä¡v B¸pdapÅXns\ ImWm\pÅ Ignhv F¶mWv. N{Ihmf§Ä ]eXpØv \½psS ImeL«¯nsâ,
tZi¯nsâ, `mjbpsS, aX¯nsâ, k`bpsS hÀ® enwK A§s\ A§s\. Hcp ZÀiIsâ {]tXymIX Cu
N{Ihmf§sf FÃmw AXnPohn¸n¡p¶ Imgv¨ ImWm³ Ignbp¶h\mWv F¶pÅXmWv, A§s\bpÅhscbmWv
ZmÀi\nI³ F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. 21-mw
\qÁmØns\ DÄI®n ImWpIbpw sN¿p¶h³ AXmbXv 20-mw
\qÁmØnsâ N{Ihmfs¯ adnIS¶v 21-mw
\qÁmØns\ ImWp¶h³. AXpsImØv Cu ssSÁn hfsc tbmPn¨XmWv. At¸mÄ bphZÀi\w F¶XpsImØv
Dt±in¡p¶Xv km[mcW buh\¯nsâ Imgv¨¸mSpIsf adn¡S¶pÅ Imgv¨. buh\¯nse apgph³
DuÀÖ§tfbpw D]tbmKn¨psImØv ImeL«¯nsâ N{Ihmfs¯ adn¡S¡p¶ Imgv¨¸mSpÅhÀ F¶mWv.
\n§Ä¡v FÃmhn[ BiwkIfpw.
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